1. School Education
Primary Education: This phase typically covers grades 1 to 5, where students receive a broad-based education.
Secondary Education (O/L): Grades 6 to 11 constitute the secondary education phase leading to the G.C.E. Ordinary Level (O/L) examination.
2. G.C.E. Ordinary Level (O/L) Examination
The O/L examination is a significant milestone for students in Sri Lanka, usually taken at the end of the 11th year of schooling.
Students can choose subjects based on their interests and career aspirations.
The examination includes compulsory and optional subjects, and successful completion leads to the General Certificate of Education (Ordinary Level).
3. G.C.E. Advanced Level (A/L) Examination
Successful O/L candidates can progress to the G.C.E. Advanced Level (A/L) examination, typically taken in grades 12 and 13.
The A/L examination is important for university admission.
4. Tertiary Education
Universities and higher education institutes offer undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
The University Grants Commission (UGC) oversees university education.
Majors include arts, sciences, commerce, engineering, medicine, and more.
5. Vocational and Technical Education
Vocational and technical education is offered through institutes such as vocational training centers and technical colleges.
These programs provide skills training for various trades and professions.
6. National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) Framework
The NVQ framework aims to standardize and recognize vocational qualifications.
It categorizes qualifications based on levels and sectors.
7. Language of Instruction
Sinhala and Tamil are the official languages, and education is conducted in both languages.
English is also widely used, especially in higher education and certain schools.
8. Private Education
There are private schools and international schools offering alternative curricula such as the Cambridge International Examinations.
9. Challenges
The education system faces challenges such as disparities in quality between urban and rural schools, access to higher education, and alignment with industry needs.
Primary Education
Covers grades 1 to 5.
Provides a foundational education in various subjects.
Secondary Education (O/L - Ordinary Level)
Encompasses grades 6 to 11.
Culminates in the G.C.E. Ordinary Level examination.
Students choose subjects based on their interests.
G.C.E. Ordinary Level (O/L) Examination
Taken at the end of grade 11.
Consists of compulsory and optional subjects.
Successful completion results in the General Certificate of Education (Ordinary Level).
G.C.E. Advanced Level (A/L) Examination
Conducted in grades 12 and 13.
Essential for university admission.
Students specialize in subjects related to their desired field of study.
Tertiary Education
Universities and higher education institutes offer undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
Majors include arts, sciences, commerce, engineering, and medicine.
Vocational and Technical Education
Provided through vocational training centers and technical colleges.
Offers skills training in various trades and professions.
National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) Framework
Standardizes and recognizes vocational qualifications.
Categorizes qualifications based on levels and sectors.
Language of Instruction
Education is delivered in Sinhala and Tamil, the official languages.
English is also widely used, especially in higher education.
Private and International Education
Private schools and international schools offer alternative curricula.
Some follow international examination systems like Cambridge International Examinations.
Challenges
The education system faces challenges such as disparities in quality between urban and rural schools, access to higher education, and alignment with industry needs.
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